Lucretius Ofella and considers the issue of Sulla’s professed and ulterior motives.The Roman Republic ( Latin: Res publica Romana Classical Latin: ) was the era of ancient Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. Against the background of this study, a brief postscript revisits the timing and circumstances of the notorious execution of Q. As a result, this inquiry also casts a new light on the modalities of Sulla’s abdication, his rationale, and, last but not least, the ramifications for our understanding of the transition from the late triumviral to early Augustan era. This study revisits this question and attempts a resolution of the matter by virtue of a careful reappraisal of the extant source material. One major issue that continues to divide scholarship is that of the tempus legitimum of his dictatorship and, in particular, the approximate time of his abdication, with proposed dates ranging from as early as mid-81 to the summer of 79. Sulla’s paradoxical dictatura legibus scribundis et rei publicae constituendae has ever remained the subject of controversy, amongst both the ancients (on which see now comprehensively Eckert 2016) and modern Roman historians. At the same time, they contribute to build the notion of a popularis libertas, significantly opposed to the libertas of the optimates. On the other hand, their different proposals, together with the strong refusal of Cicero to an agrarian law, offer an illustrative picture of the social and economic problems of that century. Morstein-Marx and Nathan Rosenstein have pointed out recently, they underline the process of loss of political hegemony by the Senate. At a time of “fragmentation of legitimacy”, as R. In our opinion, these consuls populares also allow a new insight in the failure of the social and political consensus of the last republican century in Rome and, particularly, in the crisis of the inner aristocratic solidarity. Marcus Tullius Cicero deserves a special consideration, as he presented himself as a truly consul popularis in his speechs de lege agraria, delivered against the rogatio Servilia agraria at the beginning of his consulate in 63 BC.
#Prove kinship to gaius julius caesar series#
The paper deals with a series of consuls, which goes from the so-called consules populares in 449 BC through some consuls in the middle of the second century BC until the later outstanding figures like Caius Marius, Lucius Cornelius Cinna, Lucius Aemilius Lepidus, Q. In this paper we collect and analyze all our sources about consules populares, in order to understand the different historical circunstances and the possible meanings of the word popularis as related to the consuls, depending on how it is used by the ancient authors. In fact, Plutarchus writes that Iulius Caesar, although he was a consul, acted like a tribune (Caes.
Along with this, we found also a few consuls populares, as Caesar in 59 BC.
They all proposed different measures against the interests of the senatorial oligarchy and gave a central role to the popular assembly. In our sources we found references to the great populares leaders Tiberius and Caius Sempronius Gracchus, Lucius Appuleius Saturninus, Servius Sulpicius Rufus and Publius Clodius. In the Late Roman Republic politicians labelled as populares were traditionally tribunes of the plebs.
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